| famuyiyaon | Дата: Среда, 04.02.2015, 21:07 | Сообщение # 1 |
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Группа: Гости
| Vancomycin INN /v??k??ma?s?n/ is a glycopeptide antibiotic worn in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by means of Gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin was premier cloistered in 1953 at Eli Lilly, from a stain representation tranquil from the personal jungles of Borneo via a missionary. It is a inherently occurring antibiotic made past the blacken bacterium Actinobacteria species Amycolatopsis orientalis(back then designated Nocardia orientalis). It is a complex chemical compound and an example of a comparatively rare haloorganic natural combine, containing two covalently bonded chlorine atoms.
The unite was industrially produced via fermentation and given the generic standing vancomycin, derived from the term "vanquish." The native sign payment vancomycin was for the treatment ofpenicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a consume kept alive in behalf of many years by the occurrence that formulate had to be accustomed intravenously and that being so provided bacteria fewer opportunities to evolve intransigence, and the the poop indeed that organisms were relatively simple to evolve to modify to it, orderly in experiments.
Against various years since its opening consume, vancomycin had traditionally been strait-laced as a painkiller of "matrix repair to" straight membership fee to cock's-crow observations of its nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity as well as its intravenous dosing requirements.<> - Recently, however, vancomycin intractable organisms are stylish common. So, vancomycin is increasingly being displaced from this function on newer antibiotics such as linezolid(Zyvox), daptomycin (Cubicin), and quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid).
History
Vancomycin was sooner individual in 1953 by way of Edmund Kornfeld (working at Eli Lilly) from a blacken sample collected from the local jungles of Borneo away a missionary.<> - The creature that produced it was when all is said named Amycolatopsis orientalis.<> - The earliest implication by reason of vancomycin was in the interest the treatment of penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.<> - <> -
The compound was initially called concoct 05865, but was finally prearranged the generic namevancomycin, derived from the term "vanquish".<> - An individual service better that was fast discernible is that staphylococci did not develop significant maquis undeterred by serial verse in customs media containing vancomycin. The brisk development of penicillin recalcitrance nearby staphylococci led to the compound's being fast-tracked exchange for like by the Food and Narcotic Administering (FDA) in 1958. Eli Lilly win initially marketed vancomycin hydrochloride subsumed under the patrons moniker Vancocin<> - and as COVANC from Nucleus, India.<citation>needed -
Vancomycin on no account became the first-line treatment in behalf of Staphylococcus aureus for a variety of reasons:
1. It possesses insolvent oral bioavailability; it must be conceded intravenously for most infections.
2. β-Lactamase-resistant semi-synthetic penicillins such as methicillin (and its successors,nafcillin and cloxacillin) were afterward developed, which sooner a be wearing bettor action against non-MRSA staphylococci.
3. At cock crow trials old early promiscuous forms of vancomycin ("Mississippi mud"), which were originate to be toxic to the ears and to the kidneys;<> - these findings led to vancomycin's being relegated to the state of a anaesthetize of model resort.<> -
In 2004, Eli Lilly licensed Vancocin to ViroPharma in the U.S., Flynn Pharma in the UK, and Aspen Pharmacare in Australia. The plain expired in the initially 1980s; the FDA authorized the in stock of several generic versions in the USA, including from manufacturers Bioniche Pharma, Baxter Healthcare, Sandoz, Akorn Strides and Hospira.<> -
An uttered manufacture of vancomycin was initially approved not later than the FDA in 1986 after the treatment of Clostridium difficile induced pseudomembranous colitis. It is not orally occupied into the blood and remains in the gastrointestinal essay to eradicate C. difficile. This effect is currently marketed nearby ViroPharmain the USA.<> -
From http://www.fmyykj.com - suzhou pharmaceutical technology co.,ltd.
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